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Nature


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submitted by Johnantony 8 hours ago (via bangkok-apartment.org)
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0 Comments - More Info - Bury   Topic: Nature
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A genetic pathway composed of Sox14 and Mical governs severing of dendrites during pruning
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
Certain Drosophila dendrites undergo major remodeling during metamorphosis. This study shows that the severing of larval dendrites, which is the first step of remodeling, depends on the upregulation of the cytoskeleton-binding protein Mical by the transcription factor Sox14.
 
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Nardilysin regulates axonal maturation and myelination in the central and peripheral nervous system
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
Nardilysin (NRDc) enhances the shedding of ectodomains from neuronal membrane proteins. The null mutant described here reveals that nardilysin is necessary for myelination in both central and peripheral nervous system.
 
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Vascular niche factor PEDF modulates Notch-dependent stemness in the adult subependymal zone
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
Notch signaling is essential for the maintenance of adult neural stem cells in vivo. Here, Andreu-Agulló and colleagues show that PEDF, released from endothelial cells, enhances Notch signaling in the mouse subependymal zone by inactivating a repressor of Notch target genes.
 
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Adult generation of glutamatergic olfactory bulb interneurons
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
Neural stem cells in the adult mouse SVZ are thought to only generate GABAergic olfactory bulb interneurons. This study reports that a dorsal region of the adult SVZ gives rise to a glutamatergic type of olfactory bulb neurons. These newborn glutamatergic neurons can be diverted to migrate into the cortex towards an injury, possibly contributing to repair.
 
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Glial precursors clear sensory neuron corpses during development via Jedi-1, an engulfment receptor
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
During development of the peripheral ganglia, 50% of neurons die by apoptosis. This study finds that satellite glial cell precursors clear these neuronal corpses in developing dorsal root ganglia and identifies some of the molecular components involved in this phagocytosis.
 
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Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins instruct discrete dendrite targeting in an olfactory map
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
In Drosophila, the connections between olfactory receptor neurons and projection neurons are highly specific. Here, the authors report that two leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins (Capricious and Tartan) serve as a mechanism for projection neuron dendrite targeting in the olfactory map.
 
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Structural requirements for the activation of vomeronasal sensory neurons by MHC peptides
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
Major histocompatibility complex peptides function as olfactory cues for vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) in the mammalian nose. Here, the authors report that individual VSNs expressing the receptor gene V2r1b have broad peptide responsiveness, but sufficient specificity to distinguish peptides differing by a single amino acid residue. Furthermore, they find that targeted disruption of V2r1b eli
 
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Dynamic DNA methylation programs persistent adverse effects of early-life stress
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
Severe stress in early childhood can increase an individual's vulnerability to depression later in life. This study found that early-life stress in mice resulted in persistent elevation of the stress hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP), which was caused by persistent hypomethylation of CpG islands in the Avp promoter in the hypothalamus.
 
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Amyloid-β as a positive endogenous regulator of release probability at hippocampal synapses
submitted by sarwar 6 days ago (via feeds.nature.com)
Even without the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, normal brain releases a small amount of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Abramov and colleagues now show that endogenous Aβ that is produced and released from presynaptic terminals can alter synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity.
 
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